Spain after Franco and the Role of the Monarch

  Francisco Franco, also known as Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde was born on December 4, 1892, in El Ferrol, Spain, to a naval family. His interests to become a sailor, short-lived when the Naval Academy reduced its admission size and forced him seek an opportunity in the Army at the age of 14. In 1910, while he was completing his duties at the Infantry Academy, he decided to go abroad and flight in Spanish Morocco in 1912. In 1915, Franco was deemed the youngest captain in the entire Spanish army. In 1928, he became director of a new general military academy. In 1934, after being appointed to Major General by a new rightist government, he ferociously crushed a rebellion of miners, where thousands died. In 1935 he became Chief of the Central General Staff of the Spanish Army, and began to reform.

As divisions between the left and the right in Spain grew, and as the country’s unity unraveled after a left wing alliance won power in elections, Franco appealed for a state of emergency to be declared because he feared a communist takeover.

He moved to Morocco, took control of the garrison army, and then landed it in Spain. Later, Franco was chosen as head of state by the nationalist forces, due in part to his reputation, distance from political groups, because the original figurehead had died, and partly because of his inspiration to lead.

Franco’s goal was to do more than win and he wanted to ‘cleanse’ Spain of communism. He drafted laws making any support for the republic a crime.

The first real ‘peacetime’ test for Franco was the start of World War 2, in which Spain initially lent towards the German-Italian Axis. 


However, Franco kept Spain out of the war, which also lead Hitler to reject due to Franco’s high demands, and a recognition that the Spanish military was in no position to fight. The US and Britain allies, both contributed Spain in keeping them neutral. Therefore, his regime survived the collapse and total defeat of his old civil-wartime supporters.

During the war and the early years of his dictatorship, Franco’s government executed tens of thousands of “rebels”, imprisoned a quarter of a million, and crushed local traditions, leaving little opposition, yet his repression loosened slightly over time as his government continued into the 1960s and the country transformed culturally into a modern nation.

In 1947, Franco’s petition passed, which immediately made Spain a monarchy that would entitle him to rule the country for life. Then, in 1969 he announced Prince Juan Carlos, eldest son of the leading claimant to the Spanish throne, as his official successor.  

He was the head of the government of Spain until 1973 and head of state until his death in 1975 from suffering with Parkinson’s for many years. Three years later, Juan Carlos reestablished democracy, which lead Spain into a modern constitutional monarchy. Juan Carlos was King of Spain and would ascend the throne vacated 44 years ago by his grandfather, Alfonso XIII.

The Spain and Europe era ended abruptly after the death. During the postwar years, Franco confounded his numerous critics by taming a naturally rebellious nation that had spawned anarchy and by bringing Spanish society into the modern industrial age, yet, like most dictators, he was persistent and never giving up.

Franco concluded that with the 1947 Law of Succession, which declared Spain a monarchy, yet later he decreed that within eight days of his death his power would devolve upon Prince Juan Carlos de Borbón y Borbón, III.

Journalism Advocacy

Journalism Advocacy is a genre of journalism, which adopts and is not restricted to biased opinions. Journalism is where the writer or the publication expresses a subjective view or promotes a certain cause. 

In Western Europe, some newspapers project openly with political situations, but journalists didn’t necessarily involve advocacy. In Italy, the Il Manifesto perceives themselves as communists philosophically, but they don’t belong or follow any party; Il Manifesto functions as a worker’s cooperative. For Third World countries that became independent after WWI, journalism was an opportunity for free movements, in relation to support liberation from colonialism.

Up until the 19^th century, the press in the United States was only partisan. The press established fairness, which is now defined as the practices of corporate-commercial news media. Between the 1960s and 1970s, advocacy journalism emerged with counterculture and revolutionary political activity during its fervor.

Campaigns Presentation

SJMC Study Abroad group 2011

Pictured from left to right: Oliver McDonald, Maria Rodriguez, Gretel Perez, Professor David Park, Diana Narcisse, Clarissa Reyes, Andrea Benedetti, Laura Flores, and Caressa Gonzalez.

On Wednesday, June 8, 2011, twenty-five students from Florida International University's School of Journalism and Mass Communications presented their group assignments at La Casa de La Provincia in Seville, Spain. There where four groups that presented that day and present were the coordinators and facilitators of the program Enterevent. There were 7 members from Campaigns group, Oliver McDonald, Maria Rodriguez, Gretel Perez, Diana Narcisse, Andrea Benedetti, Laura Flores, and Caressa Gonzalez. The group called themselves Global Beat Advertising and created an ad campaign for Seville Tourism Board. They focused on targeting young Hispanic working male and female, between the ages of 24 to 35 years old and living in New York City. 

Last Night in Sevilla

Our last night in Seville, my roommates and I went souvenir shopping and walked pass the bullfighting ring, Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza. Unfortunately, the ring was closed and we weren't able to view inside. Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza 

As we were walking back to our hotel, we decided to stop and have dinner. Then we went took the trolley, and walked the rest of the way back to Hotel Abril B&B. Since, our hotel was a short distance for the Metropol, we decided to tour the attraction for the first time, prior to our departure. We walked the entire Metropol. It was a little scary for myself because the Metropol would move, when there was movement on it. Once we toured it, we went back to our hotel to pack up all of our belongs for our departure for Madrid in the early morning.

                                                       A View of Seville from Metropol

Inside the elevator of Metropol Parasol

Madrid, Spain

Early this morning, SJMC study abroad group arrived by the AVE train to Madrid around 11 a.m. We took an arranged bus to take our luggage and were dropped off to our 1st presentation of the morning with Vivocom. Presentation was amazing and the whole concept of Me into We being extremely important of mass consumers. The Koowall was another amazing concept. After the presentation, we wrote on messages on the wall, took pictures, and as a gift from Vivocom, we were all given a KooWall tee shirt.

The next day, we went to visit EL Pais. The School of Journalism and Mass Communications study abroad group, were given a tour of the facility and an oral presentation of Spain's # 1 Newspaper company. Afterward, the group divided up and went for lunch and shopping. That evening, a group of us went for our last dinner in the city of Madrid after our visit to the museum, to the Wok restaurant. The food was amazing. For my order, I had lemon chicken with white rice. After dinner, we took the subway back to the our hotel and pack up our luggage for our departure the next morning.

History of Andalusia & Flamenco

Andalusia is a city that is located in the southern part of Spain and consists of eight distinct provinces: Almeria, Candiz, Cordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaen, Malaga, and Seville. It is one of the 17 regions in Spain. In 2006, the population of Andalusia was 7,975,672 and is the largest population of any of the discovered Spanish states. However, the region is the second largest population in Spain.  It is estimated that early civilization occurred during the Pre-Roman times. The Phoenician empire, which was founded by the Tartessos, had built its empire to assist in the trade in early twelfth century B.C.E.  During 700 B.C., Phoenicians founded Malaga, which was controlled by the ancient Romans and then later by Muslims from North Africa, including Arabs and Berbers, which are also known as the Moors. Andalusia was also known as the southern heartland for Muslim Spain. During the Middle Ages of the Muslim ruling, Andalusia became a tremendously wealthy and influential political factor, which help create scholarship and advances in many of the eight -district provincial areas. Cordoba, which is one of Andalusia eight districts areas, became the largest and richest city in all of Western Europe and one of the largest in the world, and the capital of Umayyad. During the half millennium of the Muslim ruling, the Moors established universities in Andalusia, and cultivated scholarships, including Western astronomy, medicine and medicines.  After five hundred years of Muslim ruling, it still remains influential on Andalusia’s culture identity.

The Moors left their region character through its architecture, language, and customs, and its tradition bullfights and gypsy Flamenco music. Because of the Muslim collapsing in 1031, it led to religious conflicts within the Muslims and then resulted in the renewal of Christian strength and culture in the north. During the declining period for Spain in the sixteenth century, Andalusia fell to consequences as well.  Flamenco originated from the region of Andalusia and influenced by the native Andalusian, Islamic, Sephardic, and Gypsy cultures that existed in Andalusia prior to and after the Reconquista, as well as Latin American and Cuban. The Golden Age of Flamenco dancing music developed between 1869-1910 in music cafes and followed by flamenco guitars.